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/ ABOUT / COUNTRY / AMERICA
/ 
ABOUT THE FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA 
  The Flag of the United States,
popularly called the  American flag, the
official national flag of the United
States. It consists  of 13 horizontal
stripes, 7 red alternating with 6 white,
and in the  upper corner near the staff,
a rectangular blue field, or canton,
containing  50 five-pointed white stars.
The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies
that  originally constituted the United
States of America. The stars represent 
the 50 states of the Union. In the
language of the Continental Congress, 
which defined the symbolic meanings of
the colors red, white, and blue,  as
used in the flag, "White signifies
Purity and Innocence; Red, Hardiness 
and Valor; and Blue, Vigilance,
Perseverance and Justice." Because of 
its stars, stripes, and colors, the
American flag is frequently called  the
Star-Spangled Banner, the Stars and
Stripes, or the Red, White,  and Blue.
Another popular, patriotic designation,
Old Glory, is of uncertain  origin. 
  Early flags designed for use in the
American colonies reflected the  Old
World origin of the colonists. In the
British colonies many flags  were
adaptations of the British Union Jack
(see Flags, National). The  colors red,
white, and blue, which symbolized
colonial unity, were first  used in a
flag in New England in 1737.  
    LISTEN  TO THE US NATIONAL ANTHEM...
[13]
   The melody to which  Francis Scott Key
intended his poem, "The Star Spangled 
Banner" (which became our national
anthem) to be sung was the  popular
English tune known as "To Anacreon in
Heaven."  Written about 1775 by John
Stafford Smith, the tune was  originally
the "constitutional song" of the
Anacreontic  Society, a gentlemen's
music club in London named after
_ANACREON, A GREEK POET WHO LIVED
563-478 B.C.E.,  WHO WAS NOTED FOR HIS
SONGS IN PRAISE OF LOVE AND WINE._ It
became  extremely popular in America,
where it was used to  accompany a number
of verses, including the patriotic  song
called "Adams and Liberty," before 1814.
Key  himself used the tune for his 1805
poem "When the  Warrior Returns from the
Battle Afar." 
  On June 14, 1777, Congress made the
following resolution: "The flag  of the
United States shall be thirteen stripes,
alternate red and white,  with a union
of thirteen stars of white on a blue
field ..." Official  announcement of the
new flag was not made until September 3,
1777. When  it was first flown has not
been determined. Historical research has
 failed to establish a factual
foundation for the traditional story
that  the flag maker Betsy Ross made the
first American flag. 
  The flag is usually displayed from
sunrise to sunset in the open.  It
should be raised briskly and lowered
ceremoniously. It is displayed  daily,
weather permitting, and especially on
certain holidays, on or  near the main
administration buildings of all public
institutions. It  is also displayed in
or near every polling place on election
days and  in or near every schoolhouse
during school days. 
  When carried in processions with
another flag, the U.S. flag is borne  to
the right of the other emblems carried
by the marchers. When carried  with
several other flags, it may be borne in
front of the center of  the line formed
by the other standards. No other flag or
pennant should  be placed above the U.S.
flag. When displayed against a wall or
in a  window, the blue field should be
uppermost and to the left of the
observer.  When displayed flat on a
speaker's platform, the flag should
be behind  and above the head of the
speaker. 
  A number of rules regulate the display
of the flag at various public 
ceremonies and its display in connection
with state and city flags and  in
churches. Other rules deal with the
observance of proper respect  for the
American flag. The latter are
supplemented in most of the states  by
laws prohibiting the use of the U.S.
flag for advertising purposes.  The
armed services have detailed regulations
for military and naval  uses of the
flag.     
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